{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\f122\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f123\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f125\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f126\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\f127\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f128\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f129\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f130\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\f132\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f133\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f135\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f136\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f137\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f138\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f139\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f140\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;
\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;
\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \styrsid1644865 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden 
Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \styrsid13073762 footer;}{\*\cs16 \additive \sbasedon10 \styrsid13073762 page number;}{
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 \ssemihidden \styrsid11747384 footnote text;}{\*\cs18 \additive \super 
\sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \styrsid11747384 footnote reference;}{\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \styrsid6781917 
header;}}{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax156\lsdlockeddef0}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid11520\rsid15217\rsid198523\rsid200736\rsid206859\rsid212772\rsid267400\rsid279432\rsid341778\rsid342532\rsid344033\rsid529019\rsid547910\rsid590701\rsid607899\rsid612076\rsid675793
\rsid676695\rsid686996\rsid789907\rsid806810\rsid813410\rsid864729\rsid866475\rsid923332\rsid932316\rsid937451\rsid939065\rsid988423\rsid994174\rsid996856\rsid998285\rsid1010936\rsid1048829\rsid1141763\rsid1190365\rsid1210396\rsid1268029\rsid1313357
\rsid1326789\rsid1332981\rsid1343455\rsid1399005\rsid1399847\rsid1444089\rsid1460956\rsid1462551\rsid1471611\rsid1515914\rsid1525664\rsid1526700\rsid1574697\rsid1575690\rsid1583236\rsid1587344\rsid1587810\rsid1589546\rsid1589640\rsid1598372\rsid1644853
\rsid1644865\rsid1671102\rsid1671134\rsid1726549\rsid1769756\rsid1771493\rsid1797477\rsid1851237\rsid1864657\rsid1909023\rsid1920495\rsid1971275\rsid1979954\rsid1990519\rsid2063787\rsid2064275\rsid2111955\rsid2112039\rsid2125757\rsid2192424\rsid2251153
\rsid2257429\rsid2360135\rsid2368903\rsid2439307\rsid2522258\rsid2568788\rsid2570278\rsid2755021\rsid2772113\rsid2775373\rsid2776671\rsid2777180\rsid2838997\rsid2896891\rsid2910882\rsid2912970\rsid2954073\rsid2968450\rsid2974650\rsid3036973\rsid3037254
\rsid3091197\rsid3169893\rsid3172282\rsid3175375\rsid3214767\rsid3217005\rsid3218437\rsid3281526\rsid3290436\rsid3298630\rsid3307365\rsid3348213\rsid3349894\rsid3361143\rsid3372622\rsid3417920\rsid3429203\rsid3487102\rsid3489425\rsid3493808\rsid3504931
\rsid3542480\rsid3554786\rsid3626671\rsid3631880\rsid3736971\rsid3739489\rsid3744044\rsid3746412\rsid3765196\rsid3810389\rsid3883639\rsid3940274\rsid3944099\rsid3958419\rsid4008117\rsid4015144\rsid4131357\rsid4131870\rsid4201931\rsid4206003\rsid4210376
\rsid4266035\rsid4269819\rsid4276275\rsid4351452\rsid4357298\rsid4395491\rsid4411367\rsid4458043\rsid4460513\rsid4473991\rsid4475158\rsid4532882\rsid4589534\rsid4656984\rsid4670781\rsid4675539\rsid4734466\rsid4851564\rsid4851685\rsid4862853\rsid4870602
\rsid4881531\rsid4928717\rsid4990218\rsid4998149\rsid5013321\rsid5050830\rsid5071051\rsid5195654\rsid5272944\rsid5340515\rsid5382082\rsid5395787\rsid5397653\rsid5458557\rsid5514108\rsid5516292\rsid5527503\rsid5536301\rsid5590804\rsid5705609\rsid5780075
\rsid5780405\rsid5786897\rsid6113539\rsid6191220\rsid6230760\rsid6238460\rsid6243138\rsid6319398\rsid6360131\rsid6361858\rsid6363660\rsid6376693\rsid6377627\rsid6447044\rsid6449574\rsid6451825\rsid6494916\rsid6508126\rsid6511710\rsid6514300\rsid6571954
\rsid6626591\rsid6628135\rsid6634183\rsid6647344\rsid6684834\rsid6709178\rsid6716341\rsid6781917\rsid6818794\rsid6824878\rsid6832857\rsid6882899\rsid6889080\rsid6890906\rsid6957582\rsid6976765\rsid7037182\rsid7079821\rsid7153172\rsid7236490\rsid7279190
\rsid7282811\rsid7298739\rsid7354937\rsid7431304\rsid7472770\rsid7501758\rsid7554534\rsid7561141\rsid7561861\rsid7605231\rsid7619264\rsid7674538\rsid7698391\rsid7698525\rsid7760266\rsid7817015\rsid7818151\rsid7820536\rsid7830812\rsid7873555\rsid7885592
\rsid7892661\rsid7936671\rsid7936932\rsid7997558\rsid8065271\rsid8073445\rsid8080070\rsid8131047\rsid8217913\rsid8221384\rsid8221895\rsid8327577\rsid8331541\rsid8405104\rsid8413165\rsid8414338\rsid8470885\rsid8476396\rsid8523802\rsid8545381\rsid8614226
\rsid8670246\rsid8725432\rsid8786722\rsid8875904\rsid8983221\rsid8984896\rsid8998357\rsid9007810\rsid9047330\rsid9056552\rsid9060338\rsid9068658\rsid9114928\rsid9191031\rsid9202703\rsid9203236\rsid9207044\rsid9250408\rsid9262723\rsid9315821\rsid9319323
\rsid9324228\rsid9379133\rsid9379582\rsid9438760\rsid9453813\rsid9454959\rsid9459318\rsid9523257\rsid9534821\rsid9591927\rsid9593030\rsid9652155\rsid9654896\rsid9656237\rsid9659930\rsid9663937\rsid9705911\rsid9721860\rsid9721861\rsid9777097\rsid9833008
\rsid9834329\rsid9838699\rsid9896039\rsid9906150\rsid9911096\rsid9963590\rsid10093013\rsid10095128\rsid10116290\rsid10119378\rsid10121180\rsid10166389\rsid10174270\rsid10224162\rsid10252644\rsid10291158\rsid10315831\rsid10359251\rsid10364242\rsid10383348
\rsid10423432\rsid10510314\rsid10570658\rsid10625385\rsid10630860\rsid10631506\rsid10636603\rsid10690672\rsid10697931\rsid10711049\rsid10714576\rsid10750380\rsid10766368\rsid10825786\rsid10828395\rsid10903117\rsid10953977\rsid10967377\rsid10968166
\rsid11017925\rsid11018925\rsid11022439\rsid11025606\rsid11089705\rsid11141686\rsid11144978\rsid11167226\rsid11230457\rsid11233341\rsid11345749\rsid11352540\rsid11353818\rsid11422969\rsid11481670\rsid11489173\rsid11551789\rsid11556949\rsid11612561
\rsid11613219\rsid11627774\rsid11665696\rsid11665928\rsid11670048\rsid11733488\rsid11747384\rsid11801817\rsid11826612\rsid11873379\rsid11884234\rsid11944859\rsid12004787\rsid12075124\rsid12129619\rsid12142797\rsid12274324\rsid12285773\rsid12324960
\rsid12346813\rsid12347734\rsid12391031\rsid12393169\rsid12482363\rsid12483268\rsid12539680\rsid12596851\rsid12603080\rsid12606337\rsid12610290\rsid12725378\rsid12727117\rsid12732446\rsid12806987\rsid12847515\rsid12857152\rsid12912919\rsid12914230
\rsid12918854\rsid12937966\rsid12984035\rsid12986762\rsid13005878\rsid13048670\rsid13062135\rsid13067737\rsid13073762\rsid13126009\rsid13136468\rsid13176335\rsid13188261\rsid13189929\rsid13192161\rsid13240556\rsid13242330\rsid13248916\rsid13259502
\rsid13318493\rsid13378946\rsid13391797\rsid13394428\rsid13438182\rsid13451549\rsid13462563\rsid13504946\rsid13511125\rsid13511722\rsid13566640\rsid13633714\rsid13641592\rsid13663420\rsid13704795\rsid13707396\rsid13765663\rsid13775809\rsid13908784
\rsid13911133\rsid13921544\rsid13967543\rsid13989235\rsid14095443\rsid14119163\rsid14167884\rsid14184967\rsid14186632\rsid14227270\rsid14234544\rsid14240837\rsid14249927\rsid14251305\rsid14253514\rsid14294171\rsid14312832\rsid14313730\rsid14359101
\rsid14361907\rsid14369114\rsid14373939\rsid14502093\rsid14510882\rsid14553072\rsid14567951\rsid14575829\rsid14632998\rsid14685782\rsid14707351\rsid14758620\rsid14773798\rsid14843591\rsid14895280\rsid14907233\rsid14944021\rsid14951978\rsid14962106
\rsid15017598\rsid15021431\rsid15028521\rsid15073750\rsid15076241\rsid15083244\rsid15096443\rsid15146050\rsid15152443\rsid15159725\rsid15230473\rsid15343973\rsid15355476\rsid15357782\rsid15367291\rsid15423444\rsid15473625\rsid15478864\rsid15479746
\rsid15492396\rsid15551826\rsid15563531\rsid15602350\rsid15609482\rsid15622510\rsid15625693\rsid15626975\rsid15684442\rsid15752405\rsid15756276\rsid15756617\rsid15809170\rsid15867192\rsid15867854\rsid15956461\rsid16000193\rsid16057976\rsid16082018
\rsid16127494\rsid16188771\rsid16190599\rsid16204878\rsid16256849\rsid16261184\rsid16275037\rsid16278296\rsid16337340\rsid16344402\rsid16344761\rsid16404321\rsid16404802\rsid16459854\rsid16517687\rsid16589229\rsid16589880\rsid16590974\rsid16593348
\rsid16598520\rsid16673576\rsid16720030\rsid16733977\rsid16742247}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11.0.5604;}{\info{\title Building a new railway:}{\author A Ball}{\operator A Ball}{\creatim\yr2010\mo3\dy6\hr13\min33}{\revtim\yr2010\mo6\dy12\hr17\min54}
{\version6}{\edmins4}{\nofpages1}{\nofwords331}{\nofchars1890}{\nofcharsws2217}{\vern24689}}\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800
\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct
\asianbrkrule\rsidroot1644865\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3175375 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3175375 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3175375 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid3175375 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16733977 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\insrsid6494916 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid13073762 {\insrsid6494916 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16190599 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\b\f1\fs20\super\insrsid7561141 K{\footnote \pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs18\super\insrsid7561141 K}{\insrsid7561141  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7561141 Train performance;Train acceleration;Acceleration;Train braking;Braking;Light braking;Heavy braking;Emergency braking;Train starting speed;Starting speed}}$
{\footnote \pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid7561141 $}{\insrsid7561141  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7561141 
Train performance}}}{\cs18\b\f1\fs20\super\insrsid13765663 +{\footnote \pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid13765663 +}{
\insrsid13765663  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765663 auto}}#{\footnote \pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs18\super\insrsid13765663 #}{\insrsid13765663  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13765663 6.5}}}{\b\f1\fs20\insrsid1010936\charrsid13765663 6.5}{\b\f1\fs20\insrsid13462563   }{\b\f1\fs20\insrsid14773798\charrsid13765663 Train performance:}{
\b\f1\fs20\insrsid3631880\charrsid13765663 
\par }{\b\f1\fs20\insrsid14773798\charrsid13765663 
\par }{\f1\fs20\insrsid14773798\charrsid13765663 Trains accelerate and brake according to the characteristics that are set in the timetable.  The power that is quoted represents gross power, but only 80% of th}{\f1\fs20\insrsid11884234\charrsid13765663 
at power}{\f1\fs20\insrsid14773798\charrsid13765663 
 is available at the wheel because of internal losses.  Acceleration always assumes the application of maximum power.  Normal braking uses up to half the maximum braking effort providing there is time to respond, and calculations are made when the train r
eaches the end of each track element.  This explains why a train that has reached the element immediately preceding a red signal comes to a complete stop before }{\f1\fs20\insrsid2838997\charrsid13765663 accelerating}{
\f1\fs20\insrsid14773798\charrsid13765663  again, even if the signal changes to }{\f1\fs20\insrsid11884234\charrsid13765663 yellow before the train has stopped.  The brak
ing calculation is done by first calculating the maximum speed at which the train can have at the end of the next element in front, then looking forward for the distance from that point that is needed to come to a stop using half the maximum braking effor
t.  If no reason to brake is found in that distance then the train accelerates if can, or stays at the same speed if it can't.}{\f1\fs20\insrsid16344402\charrsid13765663 
  If there is a reason to brake then the braking rate is calculated to achieve the necessary stop or speed restriction in the dista
nce needed.  Under normal circumstances there should never be a need to brake at more than half the maximum rate, but if signals are reset in front of a train or points are changed that direct the train into a siding then much heavier braking will be need
ed.  The floating window indicates the braking rate that is applied - light braking up to 50%  of maximum, heavy braking f}{\f1\fs20\insrsid3940274 r}{\f1\fs20\insrsid16344402\charrsid13765663 o
m 50% to 90% of maximum, and emergency braking above 90%.  When emergency braking is used there is a very good chance that the train will fail to stop in the required distance.}{\f1\fs20\insrsid14773798\charrsid13765663 
\par }{\f1\fs20\insrsid16344402\charrsid13765663 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4928717 {\f1\fs20\insrsid16344402\charrsid13765663 
When a train enters the railway from outside or is created on the railway, then the starting speed will be as set in the timetable unless there is a reason to reduce it, for example because of adverse signals.  }{\f1\fs20\insrsid1644853\charrsid13765663 
This means that a new train should never pass a signal at danger or crash into buffers because of excess starting speed}{\f1\fs20\insrsid206859\charrsid13765663 , but it }{\f1\fs20\insrsid1471611\charrsid13765663 may}{
\f1\fs20\insrsid206859\charrsid13765663  crash into an existing train if the new train isn't protected and }{\f1\fs20\insrsid1471611\charrsid13765663 the}{\f1\fs20\insrsid206859\charrsid13765663  existing train is in its way.}{
\f1\fs20\insrsid3372622\charrsid13765663 
\par }}